The legislative Decree No. 131 dated August 13th, 2010 concerning the amendments to the Italian Industrial Property Code was published in the Official Journal on August 18th, 2010. Such measure will be effective from September 2nd, 2010. Such Decree shows some formal amendments and also substantial changes in connection with Patents and Trademarks procedures. As far as patents are concerned, the expected amendment of Art. 65 – as stated in the previous draft of the Decree in Art. 37 – has not occurred. The inventions created by researchers in the Universities will be owned by the inventors and not by the Universities. Concerning the trademarks, some rules in connection with the opposition procedure were changed, in particular it will be not compulsory to give a reason for requesting the extension of the cooling-off period. Moreover, during the procedure before the Board of Appeal it is now possible to be represented individually or by an accredited agent.